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Separating mixtures into pure substances.
There are a variety of techniques that can be used to separate mixtures into pure substances. Eaxh method uses differences in the physical properties of the materials in the mixture to achieve separation.
| Method of separation | Used to separate ... |
| Filtration | an insoluble solid from a liquid based upon differences in size. eg. clay from water |
| Evaporation | a soluble solid from a liquid based upon differences in boiling points. eg. salt from sea water |
| Crystallisation | two or more soluble solids from one another based upon differences in solubilities |
| Distillation | a solvent from a soluble soild based upon differences in boiling point. eg. water from sea water |
| Fractional distillation | miscible liquids from one another based upon differences in boiling point. eg. water and ethanol (alcohol) |
| Separating funnel |
immiscible liquids from one another based upon differences in miscibility. eg. oil and water. |
| Magnetism | solids from one another based upon differences in their ferromagnetic properties. eg. aluminum and iron. |
| Paper chromatography | soluble substances from one another based upon differences in retention rates as a solvent moves over paper. |
| Decanting | an insoluble solid from a liquid by carefully pouring off the liquid. Based upon differences in density. |
| diamond 
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